Foreigh Currency Risk Test

FOREIGN CURRENCY RISKQ1. Jack is a UK based car exporter who exports luxury cars and has a competitor in Germany; he has recently seen a change in foreign currency that pound ( £) of UK has strengthened against euro (â‚ ¬) of Germany. What is the type of risk does Jack face in his business? (MCQ) Credit Risk Translation Risk Economic Risk Transaction Risk(2 marks) Q2. Yarn Co is multinational business & wants its foreign subsidiary financial statements. They are making exchange losses when the accounting results of its foreign subsidiary are translated into the home currency. Which type of currency risk does Yarn Co face? (MCQ) Netting off Risk Translation Risk Economic Risk Hedging Risk(2 marks) Q3. Saito Co, a USA based fish exporter has competition with Sakkara Co based in Bangladesh. He believes he faces an economic risk in the business. What type of impact does it have on Saito Co? (MCQ) Direct Impact Indirect Impact Political Impact Economic Impact(2 marks) Q4. The current spot rate of UK ( £) to USA ($) is  £3:$1.5. The interest rates per annum are UK 5% & USA 9%. What will be the two-month forward rate (to the nearest two decimal places)? (FIB) £ :$1(2 marks) Q5. The current spot rate of UK ( £) is  £3. The inflation rate per annum of UK is 3% & the expected future six-month spot rate is  £3.06. Calculate the foreign annual inflation rate? (FIB)%(2 marks) Q6. Which of the following statements relates to International Fisher Effect? (MCQ) The exchange rates of countries depending on inflation rates The exchange rates of countries depending on interest rates Prices are same to different customers in an economy Nominal interest rate differentials between countries provide an unbiased predictor of future changes in spot exchange rates.(2 marks) Q7. Which of the following differences will result in an Expectation Theory? (MRQ) The difference in Inflation Rates Difference between Spot & Forward Rates The difference of Interest Rates Difference between Spot & Future Rates(2 marks) Q8. Select the appropriate theory with the following statements. (P&D)Depreciation of forwarding rates will be due to high-interest rates Differences in nominal rates due inflation rates A commodity is priced same in every country The forward rate is a fair predictor of the spot rate in the future EXPECTATION THEORY PURCHASING POWER PARITYTHEORY INTERNATIONAL FISHER EFFECT INTEREST RATE PARITY THEORY(2 marks)Q9. Patio Co. operates in the USA. They will be receiving a payment of  £2,500 from customers in four months' time. Calculate Patio Co.'s receipts in four months' time? Use the following rates. (MCQ)Spot Rate  £1.4/$ –  £1.6/$4 Month Forward Rate  £1.8/$ –  £2.0/$ $1,786 $1,563 $1,389 $1,250(2 marks) Q10. Fray Co is a USA based company ; imports Robots from China. The usual credit period is three months. Fray Co has to pay  ¥60,000. Calculate the loss/gain of the payment on forwarding contract? (MCQ)Spot Rate  ¥1.321/$ –  ¥1.521/$3 Month Forward Rate  ¥1.654/$ –  ¥1.854/$ $7,085 (Loss) $9,144 (Loss) $9,144 (Gain) $7,085 (Gain)(2 marks) Q11. PXG Co, a UK based company has made $3,600 sale to its USA customer on credit. The current  £/$ exchange rate is  £6.4/$12.8. It is expected that UK  £ will strengthen by 15%, by the time USA customer pays. Calculate the receipts in  £? (MCQ)  £244.57  £281.25  £489.13  £562.5(2 marks) Q12. The dollar is quoted at a $0.067 premium for the forward rate. The current exchange rate is $/ ¥ 1.0005 +/- 0.0045. What will a $4,900 payment convert at forwarding rate? (MCQ)  ¥4,876  ¥4,920  ¥5,224  ¥5,274(2 marks) Q13. A UK based company Bib Co will receive a foreign payment of $2,000 in four months' time. The spot rate is $1.1/ £ – $1.4/ £. Calculate the income in four months' time using money market hedging? (MCQ) Borrow DepositDollar ($) 4% 5%Pounds ( £) 3% 2%  £1,414.4  £1,419.4  £1,800  £1,807(2 marks)This information is used for Q14, Q15 ; Q14.A USA based company has to make a payment of  £95,000 in nine months' time. The spot rate is  £2.2/$ –  £2.5/$. Following details are: Borrow DepositDollar ($) 7% 5%Pounds ( £) 5% 3%Q14. Calculate the foreign payment using money market hedging? (MCQ) $37,164 $42,232 $43,816 $44,449(2 marks) Q15. Calculate the foreign payment if the nine-month forward rate is  £2.37/$ –  £2.71/$? (FIB)$ (2 marks) Q16. Calculate the gain/loss for the company for not leading the payment? (MCQ) $4,365 (Gain) $4,365 (Loss) $3,816 (Loss) $3,816 (Gain)(2 marks) Q17. Following statements relate to Forwarding contracts. (HA)An immediate binding contract TRUE FALSEThe forward rate is variable in nature TRUE FALSEThe timing of the contract is unknown TRUE FALSE(2 marks) Q18. A company wants to reduce its transaction risks when conducting business with foreign receivables/payables. Following statements are said by the directors during this years' AGM. Select the appropriate statements to reduce the risk. (MRQ) â€Å"The company should hold back its payments for few months†, this technique is Leading â€Å"The company should continue as normal† â€Å"I have some friends offshore who work in a bank, I may able to arrange a foreign account for the company† said by a director â€Å"The company should deal in the foreign currency only† (2 marks) Q19. Juab Co is a manufacturing company ; has a foreign supplier who supplies raw materials. Recently the supplier has now become a customer as well, who purchases Juab Co.'s finished products and sells in his respective country. Which technique of reducing risk is applicable for Juab Co? (MCQ) Money market contract Leading & Lagging Forward market hedging Matching & Netting(2 marks) Q20. Which of the following statements are true in relation to futures? (MRQ) Currency futures are standard contracts A high premium is paid initially Futures are available in all currencies offered by the bank Future contracts are binding (2 marks) Q21. A company wants to hedge itself from any currency risk. They have decided to hedge themselves using currency futures. They have to make a payment in May of $36,000. The futures have a contract size of $15,000. Which of the following futures will they select? (MCQ) Buy three futures on March Sell two futures of March Buy two futures of June Buy three futures of September(2 marks) Q22. Select the appropriate option in relation to futures. (HA) Transaction cost is lowest ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGEContracts are limited to some currencies ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGEThe exact date does not have to be known ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE(2 marks) Q23. Picots Co is UK based company which has a lot of foreign customers. It will be receiving a payment from USA based customer of $500,000 in five months. The company has been advised to use derivatives to hedge themselves against any currency risk. If they opt for currency options which of the following are correct? (MCQ) Buying a USA $ call option in the UK Buying a USA $ put option in the UK Buying a UK  £ call option in the USA Buying a UK  £ put option in the USA (2 marks) Q24. Which of the following statements relate to currency options? (MRQ) In future the market becomes favorable and the company will face a loss because it is bound to the contract They are negotiated Cannot be traded in all currencies Easily arranged & Flexible (2 marks) Q25. Which of the following is incorrect for swaps? (MCQ) It is negotiated between two parties having their own spot rate It has a nominal cost It is an over the counter deal It has multiple markets (2 marks) Q26. Which of the following has a refundable cost? (MCQ) Currency Futures Forward Contracts Currency Options Currency Swaps(2 marks)FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK (ANSWERS)Q1. CEconomic risk is the variation in the value of the business due to unexpected changes in exchange rates. This is an indirect impact on Jacks business. Q2. BThey are making exchange losses when the accounting results of its foreign subsidiary are translated into the home currency. This is an indication of Translation Risk. Q3. AIt is a direct impact on Saito Co as the USA being home currency strengthens then foreign competitors Sakkara Co in Bangladesh is able to gain sales at your expense because your fish have become more expensive in the eyes of customers both abroad and at home. Q4.  £3.02Interest rate parity theory = 3 Ãâ€" (1+(9% Ãâ€" 2/12))/(1+(5% Ãâ€"2/12)) =  £3.02 Q5. 7%Purchasing power parity theory = 3 Ãâ€" (1+(x% Ãâ€" 6/12))/(1+(3% Ãâ€"6/12)) =  £3.06X% = 7% Q6. D The exchange rates of countries depending on inflation rates (Purchasing Power Parity Theory) The exchange rates of countries depending on interest rates (Interest Rate Parity Theory) Prices are same to different customers in an economy. The law of one price. (Purchasing Power Parity Theory) Nominal interest rate differentials between countries provide an unbiased predictor of future changes in spot exchange rates. (International Fisher Effect) Q7. When these two will become equal, Expectation Theory arises. Difference between Spot & Forward Rates Difference between Spot & Future Rates Q8.Depreciation of forwarding rates will be due to high-interest ratesINTEREST RATE PARITY THEORYDifferences in nominal rates due to inflation rates INTERNATIONAL FISHER EFFECTA commodity is priced same in every country PURCHASING POWER PARITY THEORY The forward rate is a fair predictor of the spot rate in the future EXPECTATION THEORY Q9. DReceipts =  £2,500 à · 2.0 = $1,250 Q10.Payment (Forward) =  ¥60,000 à · 1.654 = $36,276Payment (Spot) =  ¥60,000 à · 1.321 = $45,420Gain = $9,144 Q11. AFuture Rate = $12.8 Ãâ€" 115% = $14.72Receipts =  £3,600 à · 14.72 = $244.57 Q12. DThe Spot rate = $0.996/ ¥ – $1.005/ ¥ -/+ 0.0045The dollar is at a premium so subtract it as if dollar strengthens then yen will weaken in the forwards market. The new Spot rate = $0.929/ ¥ – $0.938/ ¥ – 0.067Payment = $4,900 à · 0.929 =  ¥5,274 Q13. BBorrow Foreign Currency = $2,000 à · [1 + (4% Ãâ€" 4/12)] = $1,974Convert Foreign to Local = $1,974 à · 1.4 =  £1,410Deposit (Interest) = (1,410 Ãâ€" 2% Ãâ€" 4/12) =  £9.4Total Receipts =  £1,410 +  £9.4 =  £1,419.4 Q14. DDeposit Foreign Currency =  £95,000 à · [1 + (3% Ãâ€" 9/12)] =  £92,910Convert Foreign to Local =  £92,910 à · 2.2 = $42,232Deposit (Interest) = ($42,232 Ãâ€" 7% Ãâ€" 9/12) = $2,217Total Payments = $42,232 + $2,217 = $44,449 Q15. $40,084Payments =  £95,000 à · 2.37 = $40,084 Q16. B Q17. An immediate binding contract TRUE The forward rate is variable in nature FALSEThe timing of the contract is unknown FALSE Q18. â€Å"The company should hold back its payments for few months†, this technique is Lagging (Incorrect) â€Å"The company should continue as normal† This refers the company should take no action (Correct) â€Å"I have some friends offshore who work in a bank, I may able to arrange a foreign account for the company† said by a director. This statement indicates opening a foreign bank account. (Correct) â€Å"The company should deal in the foreign currency only† The company could deal in home currency rather in foreign currency (Incorrect) Q19. DThis technique attempts to match the same foreign currency receipt & payments due at the same time. The netting of the intra debit & credit balances saving transaction cost & reducing risk. Q20. Currency futures are standard contracts, fixed limits specified (True) A high premium is paid initially, this is applicable in options (False) Futures are available in all currencies offered by the bank, Only in few currencies (False) Future contracts are binding, they have to be closed (True) Q21. CThe Futures can be bought or sold only four times a year which are March, June, September & December. Future contracts can be signed relating to a month after the date of receipt. They will buy two futures each of $15,000 and the remaining $6,000 can be hedged using other techniques. (E.g. forward contracts)Q22. Transaction cost is lowest ADVANTAGEContracts are limited to some currenciesDISADVANTAGEThe exact date does not have to be knownADVANTAGE Q23. BPicots Co will want to sell the USA $ when they receive the payment which is why they will use USA $ put (sell) option bought in the UK. Q24. In future the market becomes favorable and the company will face a loss because it is bound to the contract, this statement relates to future contracts They are negotiated, this statement relates to options (Correct) Cannot be traded in all currencies, it is a disadvantage hence this statement relates to options (Correct) Easily arranged & Flexible, this statement relates to swaps Q25. DIt has no markets; it is a tailor-made an agreement between two parties.Q26. A Currency Futures, An initial margin cost which is refundable Forward Contracts, has a transaction cost Currency Options, A non-refundable premium cost Currency Swaps, No initial cost

Education and Work Experience - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 373 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Topics: Life Experience Essay Did you like this example? There is no doubt that both higher education and work experience are important parts of education for employability. Many students want to go university and graduate with a degree which can fill their resume. However I believe that the work experience has better efficiency than the degree, particularly in terms of employment activity. First of all, work experience during higher education, and in particular that related to study, has a positive effect on employment activity because experience is what the majority of employers want. For example, we can easily find that many of the job or career advertisements emphasize 3 to 4 years experience in the particular field. According to my experience, I also preferred experience over education when I tried to designate new members as my team. I selected 7 applicants who have some experience out of 120 candidates applying for the position in order that I wanted to start the project immediately. Companies want to save both time and money by choosing experienced employees. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Education and Work Experience" essay for you Create order The other major reason is that the work experience allows students to learn about the world of work in a real working situation. They can get a good idea of what work is like in their placement and it help them to decide about their career. It is very useful even though they find that the field does not match them, as they can quickly change their pathway based on the experience. On the other hand, there are the types of jobs that require higher education over experience such as university professors in specific fields of study, for example: mathematics, physics, and chemistry etc. We can easily find that many young professors who do not have work experience but are highly educated and their knowledge is what is needed in their particular expertise. Therefore, in the specific part of job, higher education is more important than work experience. However, in the wider world of job, work experience is more important than higher education. To sum up, it is clear that work experience has a positive impact on most aspects of employment activity. For this reason, those students who want to design their life or find better job after graduating should try to get work experience related to study during their educations.

Example of Short Novel

Example of short novel is a literature piece aimed to provide the audience with an outstanding and clear word form that depicts even the most ordinary objects or events. Most often, example of short novel is embodied with an inner meaning that the author reveals through the development of the storyline and interaction of characters. It could describe actual events of the authors life or could be a fiction that skillfully displays patterns of the human behavior and actions in a metaphoric or exaggerated form. Furthermore, a good short novel should ensure the reader with an ability to analyze the story plot to take advantage of the authors experience to be able to act in real life circumstances. Therefore, a short novel may use controversial social issues or conflicts to help the reader to understand the human nature and the surrounding world along with the development of the analytical thinking. The Capacity of the Riverbed This morning, a junior engineer Ben was noticing strange figures during the standard measurement procedure of the riverbed capacity. For a long time, the Creepstone River has been used as a water source for the cooling down tanks of the factorys production facilities. The Mighty Towers Factory was the only known workplace for the majority of local citizens in the whole neighborhood of Creepstone City. That is why all the inhabitants were so much concerned about the welfare of the factory and were willing to turn a blind eye to all the pollution emitted into the air. Therefore, Ben has also become very concerned about the situation with the riverbed and went personally to check what happened on the Creepstone River. Having reached the river, Ben has discovered a surprising picture. Not far from the bridge over the river, the water flow was blocked by a huge heap of tree branches. It seemed that this heap did not resemble by accident, but was a result of the well-organized work of skilled craftsmen and they were not long in coming. By a small group of four units, the beavers were approaching to their dam. It became apparent that the dam has caused the clogging of the channel. Indeed, it was a genuine clash of industrial man and nature. The first thought that came to Bens mind was an urgent need to destroy the dam to restore capacity, otherwise, the river can get out of the banks and flood the surrounding area. With this in mind, Ben went back to the factory. First of all, he sent a report to the Environment Department in response to which Ben has been invited to a meeting with a factorys ecologist Brianna. After discussing the urgent issue, they both went to the beavers dam to obtain a broader view of the situation. When Brianna first saw the dam and harmoniously coordinated efforts of small hard workers, she hastened to reassure Ben with his hot-tempered decision about the demolition of the dam. Ben, we cannot destroy this dam. It is their future home. The beavers are building the dam, as well as our forefathers have built Creepstone City. What do you think, if we destroy it, we will help nature by returning the riverbed to its normal state? No, we inflict nature with another harmful blow and this is exactly what our factory makes day by day. We must use every slightest opportunity to be in harmony with nature, rather than look for the easiest way. These beavers have put all capabilities in this dam, but the human capacity is much greater than just a power to destroy everything in their path for benefit and convenience. -So what are we supposed to do? -We can move the dam downstream by the water. -But would the beavers follow the dam, rather than build a new one? -Did you think that they would not build a new one if we tore down the old? -I thought it would scare them. -People should not instill fear but help nature. At this point, the conflict was settled. After a week of preparation, the dam has been moved along with the beavers to a new specially selected location. Moreover, after the flooding of the surrounding area, it was decided to establish a new recreation park on the Beaverbed Lake.

So You Want to Be a Federal Agent Essay - 1159 Words

The Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI, is a law enforcement and national security organization. â€Å"The mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners† (â€Å"Quick Facts†). There are many different qualifications and requirements to become an FBI Special Agent but the salary and career outlook make them worth it. Federal Agents have many duties and can specialize in a vast array of different areas. â€Å"As an FBI Special Agent you may work on issues the encompass terrorism, foreign†¦show more content†¦Applicants must have three years of professional work experience (â€Å"Federal Agent†). Applicants have to be between the ages of twenty-three and thirty-seven. Applicants also have to be a à ¢â‚¬Å"US citizen or a citizen of the Northern Marina Islands† (Federal Bureau of Investigation). Speaking a foreign language and having an excellent academic record are also beneficial in the hiring process (Kane). Because of the demanding physical aspect of being a Special Agent the FBI also has many physical requirements to be considered for a Special Agent position. â€Å"Special Agent applicants must take an audiometer test and meet specified hearing standards† to qualify for a position. Applicants must have no less than 20/200 vision in each eye (uncorrected) and no worse than 20/20 in one eye and 20/40 in the other eye once corrected. If an applicant wears contacts they must provide medical history proving they have had contacts for at least one year with no major problems. If an applicant has had corrective laser eye surgery they must wait six months after the surgery to apply. 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Compare and Contrast the Chinese and Russian Revolutions Free Essays

China and Russia had various similarities and differences during the early 20th century. They were different in the aspect of goals as Russia was highly concerned in making everyone literate to experience the works of Marx, Lenin and Stalin personally while neither the Chinese communist party nor the Kuomintang cared much about literacy for the masses. Another differences was the characterization of the Russian revolution by World war 1 leading to the revolt against a ruling Tsar while China, was not affected by the war was more of a civil war between the nationalists and Mao’s peasants. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Chinese and Russian Revolutions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even so, both nations ended up with Communist revolutions, following the proletariat ruling belief. During the early 20th century, the Russian revolutionaries wanted all its people to be literate as to experience by reading the works of Karl Marx, Lenin and Stain first hand. Overall they were very successful in increasing the literacy rate in general. This was possible because immediately after the revolution, education was greatly overhauled in the spending on popular education. Free eduction was ordered for all children from the ages of three to sixteen years old as well as the duplication of schools within the first two years. Coeducation was also imposed as to get rid of sex discrimination and for the welfare of the whole society. However in China, the revolution did not really care about teaching and education for their citizens but rather focused primarily on replacing the existing system of government and its ruler with one headed up by the leader of the revolution, Mao Ze Dong. Another difference between the Russian and Chinese revolution was that the Russian revolution was influenced a lot by the first world war, while the Chinese revolution was untouched by it and still fought for the same beliefs as the Russian revolution. The Russian revolution was highlighted by the overthrow of Nicholas II which was brought on by the end of the first world war. Differently, the Chinese revolution was not affected by the first world war and was sparked by the Marxist ideas of the working class being able to rule. Even though the first world war was not a cause of the revolution, Mao Ze Dong’s peasant army and Chiang Kai’s nationalist army still fought until Mao’s forces defeated the nationalists in 1949. The major similarity between the Russian revolution and the Chinese revolution would be that both revolutions made the path for the nations to become Communists. They were both led by charismatic leaders Lenin and Mao Ze Dong, who were able to unite the people into the revolution. Both had similar goals and outcomes as they both aimed for the working class, Proletariats, to rule against the ruling class. Both revolutions also aimed to establishing a state ownership in their countries as well as removing any kind of inequalities within the nation. Both ending up as communist nations, the Russian revolution and the Chinese revolution were shaped by different sparks and aimed to reach its goals through different methods but strived for a similar goal inspired by the Marxist ideas of the Proletariat class to rule. How to cite Compare and Contrast the Chinese and Russian Revolutions, Papers

Statistics Research Computers and Composition

Question: Discuss about theStatistics Research for Computers and Composition. Answer: Introduction The future perspective of automatic student plagiarism presents interesting trends. The increased liberty of the students in the use of computers in the teaching process has led to a proliferation of the plagiarism. The students are supposed to make numerous assignments in their academic life. They can get a wide online database of electronic texts which make their life easier. The plagiarism is often compared to cheating and it is considered as an offence in the field of academics (Hosny and Fatima, 2014). There is several software for the purpose of detecting plagiarism in the work of the students. However, the traditional plagiarism tools are unable to detect the complicated nature of the plagiarism (Hosny and Fatima, 2014). There are limitations in the simple plagiarism detection tools. This paper would explore the complexities of the plagiarism and how the traditional tools of plagiarism detection should be modified in order to detect the advanced issues of plagiarism. Literature Review This chapter would discuss about the burning issue of student plagiarism and its increasing prevalence in the academic world. It would also discuss the nature of plagiarism, its types, current state of plagiarism detection and the future requirements of the plagiarism software. This section would give way to the data collection as well as data analysis segments of the research on this topic. Issues of Student Plagiarism One of the most common problems in the academic world is plagiarism. The Universities have a tough time in the detection of the plagiarism issues in the academic work of the students (Andreescu, 2013). It is concerned with the undocumented as well as unauthorized use of someone elses work (Andreescu, 2013). The students often lack sufficient time to complete their assignments on time. This is because they are over loaded with class, extracurricular activities and group activities. They are already pre-occupied with the intricacies of the academic course (Andreescu, 2013). They find it too stressful to write their assignments on their own. They tend to search for alternative methods to do their assignments with least effort and within minimal amount of time (Shivaji and Prabhudeva, 2015). The students are often tempted to copy-paste the valuable work of others and give it their own name (Shivaji and Prabhudeva, 2015). They are inclined to get good grades in the University so that they can get decent jobs after graduation. A quality assignment is a prerequisite for getting good grades in academics (Shivaji and Prabhudeva, 2015). This makes them claim the works of the other authors. The students are usually unwilling to accept the work of the others and do not provide sufficient citations. They are not willing to acknowledge the work of the others fearing that it is detrimental for their own career. They are afraid of the fact that if they give proper citations, then his own credibility may be questioned by the lecturer or others (Shivaji and Prabhudeva, 2015). He simply copies the text of the authors and ignores the necessity of providing appropriate citations (Tripathi, Tiwari and Nithyanandam, 2015). This is because of two reasons. He may feel lethargic to perform unnecessary formalities or he may simply forget to provide them (Shivaji and Prabhudeva, 2015). The student may quote long passages without providing adequate references (Tripathi, Tiwari and Nithyanandam, 2015). There are a lot of free materials available online for the students which makes them tempted to copy paste the work. There are also sufficient online essay providing services that are direc tly related to the issue of plagiarism (Tripathi, Tiwari and Nithyanandam, 2015). This makes it one of the burning issues of modern day teaching methodologies. Need of Plagiarism Detection in Academics It is extremely important to detect any plagiarism issues in the academic work of the students. Some of the most important reasons for the detection of any plagiarism issues are described below- It is an academic requirement that the students would produce original papers with minimal percentage of plagiarism (Bretag, 2013). They want the students to generate original ideas and use their creative approach to complete the assignment (Graham-Matheson and Starr, 2013). The plagiarism detection software highlights the exact similarity of the content, along with the sentences and the words (Bretag, 2013). The students are required to change these portions only so that it improves the quality of the paper. The detection tools usually give a percentage of the similarity index between the students paper and the original work of the authors (Graham-Matheson and Starr, 2013). The universities usually have pre-set permissible limit of plagiarism percentage which they need to check every time the student submits a particular assignment (Bretag, 2013). This job is being performed by the detection software. The University levy heavy penalties if they found the students engaging in plagiarism. This may also lead to rustication of the students or strict disciplinary actions against them (Graham-Matheson and Starr, 2013). This requires the students to check the percentage of similarity in their academic works. Consequences of Plagiarism The plagiarism has serious impact on the academic life of the students. This is a growing menace that is posing a serious threat to the students. If a student is found to be engaged in plagiarism, it will not only affect their future professional life, but he would face suspicion and ignorance. Some of the consequences of plagiarism are as follows- Damaged professional reputation- The plagiarism would mean a permanent damage to the professional life of a student (Yadav, Rawal and Baxi, 2016). They would not get sufficient career opportunities as the employers would not hire a person who engages in unfair means (Yadav, Rawal and Baxi, 2016). Hampering of students impression- The students can be expelled or suspended if the allegations of plagiarism are proved against them (Yadav, Rawal and Baxi, 2016). There are often clauses in the suspension letter which makes it difficult for the students to take admissions in other colleges (Yadav, Rawal and Baxi, 2016). Community Impact- The phenomenon of plagiarism has serious implications on the community as well (Sheehan, 2014). The students often develop less genuine inter personal relationships with their social groups. Legal hassles- The legal issues concerning plagiarism are very serious and often difficult to deal with. The copyright laws are an important consideration in handling the plagiarism issues (Sheehan, 2014). It can be equated with criminal offense with serious implications. Lowering of academic reputation- The students would face a bad reputation in the academic world if the plagiarism charges are confirmed (Sheehan, 2014). This means that the student would not only face serious actions from the University but he would also not be accepted among his peers (Sheehan, 2014). Monetary hazards- In some cases, the students face monetary penalty from the University if he is found to engage in unfair means while submitting the assignments (Sheehan, 2014). Types of Plagiarism There are different types of plagiarism that are seen in the academic papers of the students. The following are the broad categories of plagiarism- Direct- This is the most common form of plagiarism that concerns with the word-to word similarity with the original work of the author (DeGeeter et al., 2014). This is done without giving proper acknowledgment to the original author. A student can not deliberately use the write up of another person and is considered as unethical. Accidental- This type of plagiarism takes place when the student either neglects or forgets to cite the original authors for using their work (DeGeeter et al., 2014). This often takes place when the student unknowingly paraphrases the sentences or words without proper attribution. Mosaic- This type of plagiarism takes place when the student uses the phrases from the work of another author and forgets to use quotation marks for them (Anglil-Carter, 2014). It can also take place when the student engages in applying synonyms for the language of the authors (DeGeeter et al., 2014). The other factors are kept constant by the student such as sentence structure or the meaning of the sentence (DeGeeter et al., 2014). This type of plagiarism is treated as dishonest in academic terms even if it is done unintentionally. Self- This type of plagiarism occurs in the event of the student submitting his own earlier works or merges certain parts with his previous assignments, without prior consent of the professors (Anglil-Carter, 2014). It is also concerned with the submission of the same content for different assignments without written permission from the professors. Tough- These types of plagiarism are difficult to detect for the software as well as human beings. It includes the use of similar ideas or concepts that are outside the purview of the common knowledge (Anglil-Carter, 2014). It also includes artistic plagiarism which deals with the representation of an idea of a particular writer in some other (Anglil-Carter, 2014). For example, if the text used by one author is represented in images by a student. Current Situation of Plagiarism Detection The early plagiarism detection software was equipped with the detection of simple copy-paste or straightforward use of the concepts of other authors. They were able to evaluate the rearrangement of the sentences and the paragraphs (Stapleton, 2012). However, the modern day students are well aware of the different criteria used by the plagiarism detection software and hence they twist the sentences so that they go undetected while checking in the plagiarism software (Stapleton, 2012). There are some students who engage in using the anti plagiarism software which are readily available over the internet (Stapleton, 2012). This makes it essential for the modern day plagiarism software to incorporate advanced features (Stapleton, 2012). The practice of plagiarism is not only done by the students, but there are instances when the academic staffs also engage in the same (Stapleton, 2012). They often publish papers that have huge similarity with the works produced by other authors. This happ ens since the original papers are already published in the internal journals and the professors strive to gain a quick reputation in the academic circle (Stapleton, 2012). There can be two kinds of plagiarism detection software namely automatic detection and manual detection (Oberreuter and VelSquez, 2013). The manual detection of plagiarism deals with checking of the plagiarism issue by the human beings. This is an old method of checking the plagiarism that consumes a significant amount of time and energy of the teaching faculty (Cosma and Joy, 2012). The automatic detection of plagiarism is a modern day tool of checking the plagiarism issue. The automatic plagiarism detection tools check the textual plagiarism and source code plagiarism (Cosma and Joy, 2012). The textual plagiarism utilizes the grammar based methods, semantic-based methods and grammar semantics hybrid methods (Cosma and Joy, 2012). Some of the most common plagiarism tools used are Turnitin, PlagScan, PlagAware, iThenticate and others (Cosma and Joy, 2012). Loopholes in the Current Plagiarism Detection Software The modern day plagiarism software is often unable to detect the advanced issues of plagiarism. There are technological loopholes in the plagiarism detection software that are unable to detect the latest copy paste issues in students papers (Falchikov, 2013). The students engage in modifying their own work in order to avoid the issues of plagiarism (Falchikov, 2013). The plagiarism detection software works by extracting the text portions from the assignment and then matching them with any published document. The students engage in mechanisms that prevents the software from extracting texts from the document (Baepler and Reynolds, 2014). This does not affect the view of the document or the layout/format of the documents (Falchikov, 2013). This makes the software unable to detect any plagiarism related issues and it shows 0% plagiarism. The students are also engaging in converting their assignments in a PDF format and subsequently altering the character map of the text (Lambert, 2014). They can also rearrange the character codes in the PDF version of their assignments so that the connecting link between the printed representation and text is lost (Kossey, Berger and Brown, 2015). This makes it impossible for the plagiarism detection software to detect any similarity. Need of Advanced Plagiarism Detection Tool In this age of technological advancements, it is important to create efficient plagiarism detection tools that would be difficult to deceive (Howard et al., 2013). This is required for the purpose of elevating the quality of academic assignments and also reduces the instances of the plagiarism (Ganascia, Glaudes and Del Lungo, 2014). The advanced plagiarism tools should perform morphological analysis of the assignment of the students. The software should also engage in the removal of suffixes (Howard et al., 2013). It is also used to isolate the word from a given word. The new age software also engages in the conversion of sentences into parse trees and the use of transposition of the given words (Wagner, 2012). The software can also use the electronic thesaurus. It is also important to track the citation and the reference list of the students (Howard et al., 2013). The advanced plagiarism software would be able to detect the latest tricks of the students and would successfully detec t the plagiarism issues (Howard et al., 2013). This would make the issue of plagiarism less severe and detect any possible plagiarism issues in an effective manner. Recommendations The plagiarism software should be able to detect the latest glitches present in the assignment of the students. The software should not only detect the grammar issues or the sentence construction issues of the assignments, but it should also detect the issue of stealing someone elses idea. It is important to check the work of ghost writers who often unethically uses the concept of another author in their own works. The modern software should also be able to detect the cross language issues which are often found in the papers. The future plagiarism detectors must check the all round quality of the assignments ranging from copy paste to the reproduction of someone elses innovative ideas. Conclusion The issue of student plagiarism is a serious concern in the academic world. It is important to install good plagiarism detection software used for academic purposes. There are severe consequences of the plagiarism issue such as damaged professional reputation, legal and lowering of the academic reputation. There are different types of plagiarism such as accidental, direct, mosaic, tough and self. The current scenario of the plagiarism detection system is also discussed with reference to the automatic detection methods. There are several loopholes in the present scenario of the detection of the plagiarism by the help of several tools. The need for the advanced plagiarism detection tools for plagiarism is also discussed. The concluding part of the paper deals with the recommendations for the creation of an efficient tool for the detection of plagiarism. Some concepts have been given that lead to the efficient utilization of the plagiarism software. This paper would surely enhance the u nderstanding of the plagiarism detection software and how to customize them for fulfilling the needs of the modern day assignments. References Andreescu, L., 2013. Self-plagiarism in academic publishing: the anatomy of a misnomer.Science and Engineering Ethics,19(3), pp.775-797. Anglil-Carter, S., 2014.Stolen language?: Plagiarism in writing. Routledge. Baepler, P. and Reynolds, T., 2014. The digital manifesto: Engaging student writers with digital video assignments.Computers and composition,34, pp.122-136. Bretag, T., 2013. Challenges in addressing plagiarism in education.PLoS Med,10(12), p.e1001574. Cosma, G. and Joy, M., 2012. An approach to source-code plagiarism detection and investigation using latent semantic analysis.IEEE transactions on computers,61(3), pp.379-394. DeGeeter, M., Harris, K., Kehr, H., Ford, C., Lane, D.C., Nuzum, D.S., Compton, C. and Gibson, W., 2014. Pharmacy students ability to identify plagiarism after an educational intervention.American journal of pharmaceutical education,78(2). Falchikov, N., 2013.Improving assessment through student involvement: Practical solutions for aiding learning in higher and further education. Routledge. Ganascia, J.G., Glaudes, P. and Del Lungo, A., 2014. Automatic detection of reuses and citations in literary texts.Literary and Linguistic Computing,29(3), pp.412-421. Graham-Matheson, L. and Starr, S., 2013. Is it cheatingor learning the craft of writing? Using Turnitin to help students avoid plagiarism.Research in learning technology,21. Hosny, M. and Fatima, S., 2014. Attitude of students towards cheating and plagiarism: University case study.Journal of Applied Sciences,14(8), p.748. Howard, M.J., Gupta, S., Pollock, L. and Vijay-Shanker, K., 2013, May. Automatically mining software-based, semantically-similar words from comment-code mappings. InProceedings of the 10th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories(pp. 377-386). IEEE Press. Kossey, J., Berger, A. and Brown, V., 2015. Connecting to Educational Resources Online with QR Codes.FDLA Journal,2(1), p.1. LAMBERT, L.R., 2014.Occurrence of plagiarism in the writing of international graduate business students and its detection by SafeAssign(Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). Oberreuter, G. and VelSquez, J.D., 2013. Text mining applied to plagiarism detection: The use of words for detecting deviations in the writing style.Expert Systems with Applications,40(9), pp.3756-3763. Sheehan, E.A., 2014. Thats What She Said: Educating Students about Plagiarism.Essays from E-xcellence in Teaching Volume XIII, p.43. Shivaji, S.K. and Prabhudeva, S., 2015. Plagiarism Detection by using Karp-Rabin and String Matching Algorithm Together.International Journal of Computer Applications,115(23). Stapleton, P., 2012. Gauging the effectiveness of anti-plagiarism software: An empirical study of second language graduate writers.Journal of English for Academic Purposes,11(2), pp.125-133. Tripathi, R., Tiwari, P. and Nithyanandam, K., 2015, January. Avoiding plagiarism in research through free online plagiarism tools. InEmerging Trends and Technologies in Libraries and Information Services (ETTLIS), 2015 4th International Symposium on(pp. 275-280). IEEE. 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Try and Try Again Essays - Presentation Experience, Poor Grades

The motto, if at first you dont succeed, try, try again, is a saying that I agree with. In my life, I have made an effort to persevere using several different approaches to a problem or goal in order to be successful. One example that I comes to mind is my university presentation. Even as a freshmen, I preferred to get advice from the professor about how to make presentation. Truthfully, I was completely confused in the first conversation. Nevertheless, I have learned how to research, about body language and have launched several campaigns to make a good presentation. My first real presentation experience was at the university. For six weeks, I researched more than 200 pages a day, taking note of important information carefully. I learned to organize material into sections like. At the end of six weeks, I made a presentation in the class. But I did not remember anything and I felt very sick. So I began to read my notes. My teacher put an end to my speech because I spoke too long and everybody lost their attention. As a result, I got poor grades at the midterm and I had to work hard for the final exam. Although I had failed in my first experience, I still had a chance to pass the course. This time I followed a rigorous working plan. I concentrated on body language as well as structure. I took a mirror to my room so that It it would be easier to make practice. I joined a social club and observed people as they were giving presentations. Although I made a good presentation as I want, and I began to receive complements from friends on my presentation. Nevertheless, I found myself going to a disco with friends from my club, missing lesson because I was too busy. Preparing for the final was not possible because I was arriving late. I failed the final again. If I wanted to , I could have skipped the course, but I tried again. I met one person who is was successful at giving the presentation. She gave me private lessons. I learned a new method for a successful presentation, such as speaking clearly. My presentation became more understandable and was timer shorter. Moreover, by studying the lesson by myself and actively listening to other students, I have slowly reached my goal. When I was making the presentation, I felt confidence and overcame the challenge. So, as you see, I tried and tried again, but at last I succeeded in finding a way that worked for me. And I learned researching, body language and speaking clearly. What is important is not to give up and to learn from each failure.