SACHIN TENDULKAR free essay sample

Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar AM (i/səˈtÊÆ'É ªn tÉ›nˈduË lkÉ™r/; born 24 April 1973)[1] is an Indian cricketer widely acknowledged as the greatestbatsman in cricket today.[2] In 2002, Wisden Cricketers Almanack ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind Don Bradman, and the second greatest one-day-international (ODI) batsman of all time, behind Viv Richards.[3] Tendulkar was a part of the 2011 Cricket World Cup winning Indian team in the later part of his career, his first such win in six World Cup appearances for India.[4] He was also the recipient of Player of the Tournament award of the 2003 Cricket World Cup held in South Africa. Tendulkar won the 2010 Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the ICC awards.[5] He has been recommended for the receipt of the Bharat Ratna award, in fact it has been speculated that the criteria for the award of the Bharat Ratna were changed to allow him receive the award. We will write a custom essay sample on SACHIN TENDULKAR or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [6][7] He is also a member of Rajya Sabha of Parliament of India.[8] Tendulkar passed 30,000 runs in international cricket on 20 November 2009. On 5 December 2012, Tendulkar became first batsman in history to cross the 34,000 run aggregate in all formats of the game put together.[9][10][11] At 36 years and 306 days, he became the first ever player to score a double-century in the history of ODIs. Two years later he became the first player to score 100 international centuries.[12] As of October 2013, Tendulkar has played 662 matches in international cricket.[13] On 5 October 2013,Sachin Tendulkar became the 16th player and first Indian to aggregate 50,000 runs in all recognised cricket (First-class cricket, List A cricket and Twenty20 combined). Amitabh Harivansh Bachchan (IPA: [É™mÉ ªÃ‹Ë†taË bÊ ± ˈbÉ™ttÊÆ'É™n]; born 11 October 1942) is an Indian film actor. He first gained popularity in the early 1970s as the angry young man of Hindi cinema, and has since appeared in over 180 Indian films in a career spanning more than four decades.[1][2]Bachchan is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema.[3][4][5] So total was his dominance of the movie scene in the 1970s and 1980s that the French director Franà §ois Truffaut called him a one-man industry.[6] Bachchan has won many major awards in his career, including three National Film Awards as Best Actor (a record he shares with Kamal Hassan andMammootty), a number of awards at  international film festivals and award ceremonies and fourteen Filmfare Awards. He is the most-nominated performer in any major acting category at Filmfare, with 39 nominations overall. In addition to acting, Bachchan has worked as a playback singer, film producer and television presenter. He also had a stint in politics in the 1980s. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri in 1984 and the Padma Bhushan in 2001 for his contributions towards the arts. Rajiv Ratna Gandhi (i/ˈrÉ‘Ë dÊ’iË v ˈÉ ¡Ã‰â€˜Ã‹ ndiË /; 20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was the sixth Prime Minister of India, serving from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, his mother, to become the youngest Indian premier. A scion of the politically powerful Nehru–Gandhi family associated with the Indian National Congress party, for much of Rajivs childhood his grandfather Jawaharlal Nehru was prime minister. For his college education, he went to Britain where he met and began dating Antonia Maino, an Italian waitress. Rajiv returned to India in 1966 and became a professional pilot for the state-owned Indian Airlines. In 1968, he married Maino—who would subsequently change her name to Sonia Gandhi—and the couple settled down in Delhi to a happy domestic life with their children Rahul andPriyanka. Although for much of the 1970s his mother was prime minister, and his brother Sanjay wielded significant unofficial power, Rajiv remained apolitical. However, Sanjays death in a plane crash in 1980, Rajiv reluctantly entered politics at the behest of Indira. The following year he won from his brothers Amethi seat and became a member of the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament). As part of his political grooming, Rajiv was made a general secretary of the Congress and given significant responsibility in organising the 1982 Asian Games. Kalpana Chawla (March 17, 1962[1] – February 1, 2003) was born in Karnal, India. She was the first Indian-American astronaut[2] and first Indian woman in space.[3] She first flew on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary robotic arm operator. In 2003, Chawla was one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Chawla joined the NASA Astronaut Corps in March 1995 and was selected for her first  flight in 1996. She spoke the following words while traveling in the weightlessness of space, You are just your intelligence. She had traveled 10.67 million km, as many as 252 times around the Earth. Her first space mission began on November 19, 1997 as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87. Chawla was the first Indian-born woman and the second Indian person to fly in space, following cosmonaut Rakesh Sharma who flew in 1984 in a spacecraft. On her first mission, Chawla traveled over 10. 4 million miles in 252 orbits of the earth, logging more than 372 hours in space. During STS-87, she was responsible for deploying the Spartan Satellite which malfunctioned, necessitating a spacewalk by Winston Scott and Takao Doi to capture the satellite. A five-month NASA investigation fully exonerated Chawla by identifying errors in software interfaces and the defined procedures of flight crew and ground control. After the completion of STS-87 post-flight activities, Chawla was assigned to technical positions in the astronaut office to work on the space station, her performance in which was recognized with a special award from her peers. Rabindranath TagoreÃŽ ²[†º] pronunciation (help ·info) (Bengali: à ¦ °Ã  ¦ ¬Ã  §â‚¬Ã  ¦ ¨Ã  § Ã  ¦ ¦Ã  § Ã  ¦ °Ã  ¦ ¨Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ ¥ à ¦  Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦â€¢Ã  § Ã  ¦ °) (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941),ÃŽ ³[†º] sobriquet Gurudev,ÃŽ ´[†º] was aBengali polymath who reshaped his regions literature and music. Author of Gitanjali and its profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse,[2] he became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.[3] In translation his poetry was viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his elegant prose and magical poetry remain largely unknown outside Bengal.[4] Tagore introduced new prose and verse forms and the use of colloquial language into Bengali literature, thereby freeing it from traditional models based on classical Sanskrit. He was highly influential in introducing the best of Indian culture to the West and vice versa, and he is generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist of modern South Asia.[5 ][6][7] A Pirali Brahmin[8][9][10][11] from Calcutta, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old.[12] At age sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym BhÄ nusiá ¹Æ'ha (Sun Lion), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics.[5][13] He graduated to his first short stories and dramas—and the  aegis of his birth name—by 1877. As a humanist, universalist internationalist, and strident anti-nationalist he denounced the Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy endures also in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University.[14] Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays spoke to topics political and personal. Gitanjali (Song Offering s), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed—or panned—for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation. His compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems: Indias Jana Gana Mana and Bangladeshs Amar Shonar Bangla.

A Sample of Reflective Essay on Memo

A Sample of Reflective Essay on MemoHave you ever wondered if a sample of reflective essay on memo can help you ace your student's test? Do you know how to improve your score on a college application essay? Here is how.The best essay for any test will be a reflection of your beliefs, knowledge, and experience. Do you remember the essay sections on history, government, religion, family, sex, race, and other subjects in high school? Reflecting about these subjects in your college application is a way to show off the things that you learned in these subjects. You are doing this by writing your own sample of reflective essay on memo.This paper is going to be a test of your knowledge about the topics of your personal experiences. The more personal your essay on memo is, the better you will do. This is one of the best ways to improve your grade because a higher score means that you think about the subject matter and you actually have an understanding of it.By writing the paper, you are dem onstrating that you are interested in learning more about the subject. A reflection on memo gives you the information needed to show this interest. It also shows that you took the time to learn more about the topic. Students who have a good reflection on memo do so because they want to find a solution to the problem at hand.Now that you have taken the time to reflect on your own essay on the memo, you are ready to turn it into a reflection on the test. Write the first paragraph in such a way that you get your point across. This is the area where you can show how well you wrote your essay.You need to use your sample of reflective essay on memo to show you made good sentence choices. Make sure that you capture the reader's attention and get them interested in what you have to say. Most students have trouble with this aspect of writing a great essay, so you should really work on it.If you are going to apply for college at a university or college, you need to reflect on your college ess ay as often as possible. There are many sources where you can go for tips and tricks about writing a reflective essay on the memo.

Timeline of Indias Mughal Empire

Timeline of Indias Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire stretched across most of northern and central India, and what is now Pakistan, from 1526 to 1857, when the British exiled the last Mughal emperor. Together, the Muslim Mughal rulers and their predominantly Hindu subjects created a golden age in Indian history, full of art, scientific achievement, and stunning architecture. Later in the Mughal period, however, the emperors faced increasing encroachment by the French and the British, which ended with the fall of the Mughal Empire in 1857. Timeline of Mughal India April 21, 1526: First Battle of Panipat, Babur defeats Ibrahim Lodhi, Sultan of Delhi, and founds Mughal EmpireMarch 17, 1527: Battle of Khanwa, Babur conquers the combined army of the Rajput princes and takes control of much of northern IndiaDec. 26, 1530: Babur dies, is succeeded by son HumayanJuly 11, 1543: Pashtun leader Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayan, drives him into exile in Afghanistan1554: Humayan travels to Persia, hosted by Safavid emperorJuly 23, 1555: Discord among Sher Shah Suris successors allows Humayun to retake control of northern India, be restored to Mughal throneJan. 17, 1556: Humayan falls down stairs and dies, succeeded by 13-year-old son Akbar, later Akbar the GreatNov. 5, 1556: Second Battle of Panipat, child Emperor Akbars army defeats Hemus Hindu forces1560s - 1570s: Akbar consolidates Mughal rule over much of northern and central India, as well as what is now Pakistan and BangladeshOct. 27, 1605: Akbar the Great dies, succeeded by his son Jahangir1613: The British East India Company defeats Portuguese at Surat, Gujarat State and establishes the  first warehouse in India 1615: Britain sends the first ambassador, Sir Thomas Roe, to Mughal court1620s: Mughal art reaches a high point under Jahangirs rule1627: Emperor Jahangir dies, succeeded by son Shah Jahan1632: Shah Jahan orders destruction of newly-built Hindu temples, breaking with Mughal record of religious tolerance1632: Shah Jahan designs and begins building Taj Mahal as a tomb for his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal1644: British East India Company builds Fort St. George in Madras (now Chennai), southeast coastal India1658: Aurangzeb imprisons his father, Shah Jahan, for the rest of his life in the Red Fort at Agra1660s-1690s: Aurangzeb expands Mughal rule to more than 3.2 million square km, including Assam, the Deccan plateau, and parts of southern India1671: Aurangzeb orders construction of the Badshahi Mosque at Lahore, now in Pakistan1696: Establishment of British East India Companys Fort William on Ganges delta, fort and trading factory which becomes Calcutta (Kolkata)March 3, 1707: Death of Au rangzeb marks the end of Mughal Golden Era, beginning of slow decline; he is succeeded by son Bahadur Shah I Feb. 27, 1712: Bahadur Shah I dies, succeeded by incompetent son Jahandar ShahFeb. 11, 1713: Jahandar Shah is executed by agents of nephew Farrukhsiyar, who takes the Mughal throne1713 - 1719: Weak-willed Emperor Farrukhsiyar falls under the control of Syed brothers, two generals and king-makers who had helped depose Jahandar ShahFeb. 28, 1719: Syed brothers have Emperor Farrukhsiyar blinded and strangled; his cousin Rafi ud-Darjat becomes new Mughal emperorJune 13, 1719: 19-year-old Emperor Rafi ud-Darjat is murdered at Agra after just three months on the throne; Syeds appoint brother Rafi ud-Daulah to succeed himSept. 19, 1719: Syeds kill 23-year-old Emperor Rafi ud-Daulah after three months on the throneSept. 27, 1719: Syed brothers place 17-year-old Muhammad Shah on Mughal throne and rule in his name until 1720Oct. 9, 1720: Emperor Muhammad Shah orders Syed Hussain Ali Khan killed at Fatehpur SikriOct. 12, 1722: Emperor Muhammad Shah has Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha poisoned to dea th, takes power in his own right 1728 - 1763: Mughal-Maratha Wars; Marathas seize Gujarat and Malwa, raid DelhiFeb. 13, 1739: Nader Shah of Persia invades India, wins Battle of Karnal, loots Delhi, steals Mughal Peacock ThroneMarch 11, 1748: Battle of Manipur, Mughal Army defeats Durrani invasion force from AfghanistanApr. 26, 1748: Emperor Muhammad Shah dies, succeeded by 22-year-old son Ahmad Shah BahadurMay  1754: Battle of Sikandarabad, Marathas defeat Mughal Imperial Army, kill 15,000 Mughal troopsJune 2, 1754: Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur deposed and blinded by Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk; former emperor spends rest of life in prison, dying in 1775June 3, 1754: Imad-ul-Mulk appoints Alamgir II, the 55-year-old second son of Jahandar Shah, as the new Mughal Emperor1756: British make lurid charges about imprisonment and death of 123 British and Anglo-Indian troops by Bengali captors in Black Hole of Calcutta; story likely fabricatedNov. 29, 1759: Imad-ul-Mulk and Maratha ruler Sadashivrao Bhau conspire to murder Alamgir II, place Aurangzebs grandson Shah Jahan III on Mughal throne Oct. 10, 1760: Shah Jahan III deposed after less than a year, but survives until 1772; succeeded by Alamgir IIs son, Shah Alam IIOct. 1760 - 1806: Emperor Shah Alam II, in alliance with Durranis, works to restore the glory of Mughal EmpireOct. 23, 1764: Battle of Buxar, British East India Company defeats the combined army of Emperor Shah Alam II and the nawabs of Awadh and BengalNov. 19, 1806: Emperor Shah Alam II dies, marking the end of effective leadership from Mughal Dynasty; he is succeeded by hapless son Akbar Shah II, who is a puppet of the BritishSept. 28, 1837: Akbar Shah II dies at age of 77, succeeded as a puppet ruler by son Bahadur Shah II1857: Use of pork and/or beef fat on army cartridges sets off the Sepoy Mutiny or Indian Revolt1858: British use Indian Revolt of 1857 as the pretext to exile last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah II, to Rangoon, Burma; Mughal dynasty ends

The Diet of the First Colonists in the Americas

The Diet of the First Colonists in the Americas The Kelp Highway Hypothesis is a theory concerning the original colonization of the American continents. Part of the Pacific Coast Migration Model, the Kelp Highway proposes that the first Americans reached the New World by following the coastline along Beringia and into the American continents, using edible seaweeds as a food resource. Revising Clovis First For the better part of a century, the main theory of human population of the Americas was that Clovis big game hunters came into North America at the end of the Pleistocene along an ice-free corridor between ice sheets in Canada, about 10,000 years ago. Evidence of all kinds has shown that theory to be full of holes. The ice free-corridor wasnt open.The oldest Clovis sites are in Texas, not Canada.The Clovis people were not the first people into the Americas.The oldest pre-Clovis sites are found around the perimeter of North and South America, all dating between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago. Sea level rises have inundated the coastlines that the colonizers would have known, but there is strong evidentiary support for the migration of people in boats around the Pacific rim. Even though their landing sites are likely submerged in 50–120 meters (165–650 feet) of water, based on the radiocarbon dates of what would have been inland sites, such as Paisley Caves, Oregon and Monte Verde in Chile; the genetics of their ancestors, and perhaps the presence of a shared technology of stemmed points in use around the Pacific Rim between 15,000–10,000, all support the PCM. Diet of the Kelp Highway What the Kelp Highway Hypothesis brings to the Pacific Coast Migration model is a focus on the diet of the purported adventurers who used the Pacific coast to settle North and South America. That diet focus was first suggested by American archaeologist Jon Erlandson and colleagues beginning in 2007. Erlandson and colleagues proposed that the American colonizers were people who used using tanged or stemmed projectile points to rely on an abundance of marine species such as marine mammals (seals, sea otters, and walruses, cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), seabirds and waterfowl, shellfish, fish, and edible seaweeds. Supporting technology required to hunt, butcher and process marine mammals, for example, must have included seaworthy boats, harpoons, and floats. Those different food resources are found continuously along the Pacific Rim: so as long as the earliest Asians to start out on the journey around the rim had the technology, they and their descendants could use it from Japan to Chile. Ancient Art of Sea Faring Although boat-building was long considered a fairly recent capability- the oldest excavated boats are from Mesopotamia- scholars have been forced to recalibrate that. Australia, separated from the Asian mainland, was colonized by humans at least 50,000 years ago. The islands in western Melanesia have settled by about 40,000 years ago, and Ryukyu islands between Japan and Taiwan by 35,000 years ago. Obsidian from Upper Paleolithic sites in Japan has been sourced to Kozushima Island- three and a half hours from Tokyo by jet boat today- which means that the Upper Paleolithic hunters in Japan went to the island to obtain the obsidian, in navigable boats, not just rafts. Peopling the Americas The data on archaeological sites scattered around the perimeters of the American continents include ca. 15,000-year-old sites in places as widespread as Oregon, Chile, the Amazon rainforest, and Virginia. Those similarly aged hunter-gatherer sites dont make much sense without a coastal migration model. The proponents suggest that beginning somewhere between 18,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers from Asia used the Pacific rim to travel, reaching North America by 16,000 years ago, and moving along the coast, reaching Monte Verde in southern Chile within 1,000 years. Once people reached the Isthmus of Panama, they took different paths, some northward up the Atlantic coast of North America and some southward along the Atlantic South American coastline in addition to the pathway along Pacific Southern American coast that led to Monte Verde. The proponents also suggest that Clovis large-mammal hunting technology developed as a land-based subsistence method near the Isthmus before 13,000 years ago, and spread back upward into southern-central and southeastern North America. Those Clovis hunters, descendants of Pre-Clovis, in turn, spread northward overland into North America, eventually meeting the descendants of the Pre-Clovis in the northwestern United States who used Western Stemmed points. Then and only then did Clovis colonize the finally truly Ice-Free Corridor to mingle together in eastern Beringia. Resisting a Dogmatic Stance In a 2013 book chapter, Erlandson himself points out that the Pacific Coast Model was proposed in 1977, and it took decades before the possibility of the Pacific Coast migration model was seriously considered. That was because, says Erlandson, the theory that Clovis people were the first colonists of the Americas was dogmatically and emphatically considered received wisdom. He cautions that the lack of coastal sites makes much of the theory speculative. If hes right, those sites are submerged between 50 and 120 m below mean sea level today, and as a result of Global Warming sea levels are rising, so without new undreamt-of technology, it is unlikely that we will ever be able to reach them. Further, he adds that scientists should not simply replace received-wisdom Clovis with received-wisdom pre-Clovis. Too much time was lost in battles for theoretical supremacy. But the Kelp Highway Hypothesis and the Pacific Coast Migration Model are a rich source of investigation for determining how people move into new territories. Sources Erlandson, Jon M. After Clovis-First Collapsed: Reimagining the Peopling of the Americas. Paleoamerican Odyssey. Eds. Graf, Kelly E., C.V. Ketron, and Michael R. Waters. College Station: Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas AM, 2013. 127–32. Print.Erlandson, Jon M., and Todd J. Braje. From Asia to the Americas by Boat? Paleogeography, Paleoecology, and Stemmed Points of the Northwest Pacific. Quaternary International 239.1 (2011): 28–37. Print.Erlandson, Jon M., et al. Ecology of the Kelp Highway: Did Marine Resources Facilitate Human Dispersal from Northeast Asia to the Americas? The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 10.3 (2015): 392–411. Print.Erlandson, Jon M., et al. The Kelp Highway Hypothesis: Marine Ecology, the Coastal Migration Theory, and the Peopling of the Americas. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2.2 (2007): 161–74. Print.Graham, Michael H., Paul K. Dayton, and Jon M. Erlandson. Ice Ages and Ecological Trans itions on Temperate Coasts. Trends in Ecology Evolution 18.1 (2003): 33–40. Print. Schmitt, Catherine. Maines Kelp Highway. Maine Boats, Homes Harbors Winter 2013.122 (2013). Print.

The Effects of Computer Science on the history of our Nations Wars Research Proposal

The Effects of Computer Science on the history of our Nations Wars - Research Proposal Example Generally, computer science refers to the study of some theoretical standing, with regard to computation and information, and often focuses on the practical application of the techniques, necessary for implementing them in computer systems (Diffie, 2008). Presently, a considerable number of disciplines under the scope of computer science do not exclusively incorporate the study of computers (Longo, 2008). Such disciplines include the military science, which incorporates the use of computer technology. Many scholars in the field of science have put a keen focus on the connections between the computer science on the theoretical basis and the execution of the military operations. This is with regard to how such operations were being planned and carried out, during the time of the Cold War. Since the 20th century, great effort has been put to the scientific researches in the military operations. This has led to the development of science-based military technology. These efforts have seen the subsistence of strong militaries across the world. For instance, the First World War, which is widely known as ‘the chemists’ war, was characterized by the application of many explosives (Diffie, 2008) owed to the computer science. Among the pioneer military technologies was the extensive use of the poison gas by the British and Germans, in 1915. Computer science also contributed to the development of the wireless communication technology, which advanced the methods of executing attacks, and detecting enemies, besides acting as a means of communication within the militaries. The wireless radio technology was a key player in the coordination of the German, British and American troops (Arquilla, 2011). By the Second World War, the computer technology had advanced the military technology, and at this time, the unveiling of the atomic bomb was marked (Bousquet, 2008). Hand in

Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Marketing Communications - Essay Example This not only allowed compliance with the marketing plans, but also succeeded in directly addressing the issue of consumer behaviour. This study emphasizes on the strategic significance of communication and the long term effect on the consumers. In this study, one of the biggest telecommunication companies of UK, O2, has been chosen to evaluate its communication mix. In addition, a comparative study between O2 and one of its arch rivals, Vodafone, has also been carried out. The key findings were that both O2 and Vodafone use almost all the elements of communication mix, except direct and personal selling. Although, it has been found that Vodafone is currently enjoying a better position in the market with its strong promotions and better plans, but the study has also shown that O2 has the potential to outshine Vodafone. In this context, the company can use its wide range of offerings to compete with Vodafone. One of the major limitations of the study was that it has been able to carry out secondary research only. It is believed that some kind of primary research along with this would have increased its credibility. Table of Contents 2 Introduction 4 Competition between two Brands 5 Literature Review 8 Market Overview 10 Research Methodology 11 Analysis and Discussion 11 Conclusions & Recommendations 17 Appendix 19 Introduction This paper looks into the marketing strategies of O2 and presents an evaluative study of the current strategies adopted by the company in contrast to its competitor, Vodafone. However, prior to that, brief overview of both the companies will be presented. O2 Telefonica UK Limited, commonly known as O2, is a UK based Telecommunication Company and is owned by Telefonica. The company is considered as the second largest telecommunication company of UK, right after Vodafone. O2 is presently headquartered at Slough, Berkshire, United Kingdom. It was founded in the year 1983 and Cellnet was its predecessor. Apart from the telecommunication servic es, the company also operates in financial service industry and internet service providing industry. Ronan Dunne serves as the present CEO of the company. Since his takeover from the previous CEO, the company has managed to do very well and has also succeeded in maintaining high revenue. O2 offers 2G, 3G and 4G services across the country and in some other parts of Europe. Furthermore, along with the wireless services, the company is proactive in fixed line services as well. The company uses its name as the logo and tries to portray an image where it acts as oxygen to the consumers with its name O2. The company is also active in the fields of charity and for that, it has tied up with groups. One of them is Academy Music Group. Partnering with them, the company has established O2 academy. Vodafone Vodafone Group is a telecommunications company based in London (Vodafone, n.d.). The company has the registered office in Berkshire. The company has influential operations in the internatio nal market and occupies the position of the third-largest mobile telecommunications company, after China Mobile and Singtel in terms of total number of subscribers (Celtnet, 2013). In June 2011, the company had 381.72 million subscribers (Rediff, 2011). The company has expanded its operations in more than thirty countries. Additionally, it has network of business partners in more than forty countries, apart

Explain the harmful effects of drugs such as ecstasy on the individual

In recent years, the rising use of addictive drugs has become one of the biggest social problems menacing certain countries. The illicit use of a variety of drugs appears to be increasing. Generally, a drug can be a substance, other than those required for the maintenance of normal health, which by its chemical nature alters the structure or function of a living organism. In this essay, drugs are more appropriate defined as psychoactive drugs such as ecstasy and cannabis, which lead to the influence of the central nervous system in mood, thought and behaviour. In addition, drugs can be classified into three categories  ¡V depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens (McGill, 2002, 78). It is widely believed that taking drugs can lead to harmful consequences on the individual and society. Therefore, this essay is concentrated on explaining the physical and psychological effects on individuals and the social impacts on society. Despite the belief that the perceived benefits outweigh the negatives, the negligence of the harmful consequences and dangers of drug taking results from the little or no drugs ¡Ã‚ ¦ knowledge among the drug takers. The truth is taking drugs may bring physical and psychological effects on individuals. Taking ecstasy as an example, also known as MethyleneDioxyMethAmphetamine, is a drug made with Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and amphetamines. The effects of ecstasy begin about thirty minutes after use and may last for four hours (Hurwitz, 1992, 21). Owing to the new development of youth  ¡Ã‚ §club ¡Ã‚ ¨ or  ¡Ã‚ §rave ¡Ã‚ ¨ culture, there is a rise of ecstasy use as recreational drugs among the young generation. Referring to National Drug Strategy, it explains that 40 per cent of the Australian population aged 14 or older has tried cannabis which is the most widely used illicit drug in Australia. This is followed by ecstasy which is the most frequently used amphetamines due to t he substantial rise in the use and availability of amphetamine-type substances (1998, Internet). Although the drug takers may experience positive changes in feelings and emotions, a high energy level and increasing confidence in the first few hours after taking ecstasy, there are harmful effects afterwards. According to Ecstasy Organization, it states that the short term effects of taking ecstasy include having dilated pupils, jaw clenching and teeth grinding, sweating, a rise in body tem... ...d incarcerated perpetrators of drug- related crimes (20.4 percent), lost legitimate production due to drug-related crime careers (19.7 percent), and other costs of drug-related crimes, including Federal drug traffic control, property damage, and police, legal, and corrections services (18.4 percent). Most of the remaining costs resulted from premature deaths (14.9 percent), lost productivity due to drug-related illness (14.5 percent), and healthcare expenditures (10.2 percent) (1995, Internet). Thus, in summary, although drugs such as ecstasy and cannabis may bring positive changes in feelings and emotions and a rise in energy level, it is no denying that the long-term negative physical and psychological effects outweigh the benefits on individuals. Likewise, it may still be suggested that the use of drug may also have social impacts such as increase in crime rate, family and work problems as well as economic costs on society. Drug abuse has detrimental effects on both individuals and society that has no sure end but tragedy. It is a dilemma that cannot be neglected. Future and current societies and governments must work to address to it, otherwise it will spread like a disease.